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From Muthoni Ngatia's (top left) journey to becoming an economist, to the impressive collaboration that helped create Echo Show 10, to the award-winning work of the Middle Mile team, these stories are the ones readers gravitated to most often (so far).
Glynis Condon

The top stories of the first half of 2021

These 12 stories are the ones that really resonated with the Amazon Science audience in the first six months of this year.

By Staff writer
July 05, 2021
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If these stories intrigue you, be sure to see the latest papers published by Amazon scientists, take a look at the deep dives into science on our blog, and visit our conferences and events section to learn where Amazon researchers will be presenting.

The 12 most popular stories of 2021 (so far)

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The science behind an Amazon Echo feature that helped save a puppy
How acoustic event detection helps Alexa Guard understand what might warrant an alert — and what just might be a microwave beeping.
The alert that helped save the day
Line Haul at DS.jpeg
Credit: AboutAmazon.com
Amazon's Middle Mile team helps packages make the journey to your doorstep
The Middle Mile team manages complexity and scale in making routing decisions across the company’s expansive transportation network.
Find out how they do it
A grid of 12 women scientists who were asked what three steps we can take as a society to forge a more gender-equal science community
Credit: Glynis Condon
How to forge a more gender-equal science community
International Women's Day was March 8 with the theme: #ChooseToChallenge. We spoke to scientists at Amazon to get their perspective.
See what these scientists had to say
Echo Show 10, Charcoal, UI.jpg
The intersection of design and science
How a team of designers, scientists, developers, and engineers worked together to create a truly unique device in Echo Show 10.
Learn more about the collaboration
Muthonia Ngatia
Courtesy of Muthoni Ngatia
How Muthoni Ngatia’s childhood in Kenya led her to a career in economics
The Amazon economist says lessons from her mother taught her a lot about how the world works, and why economics plays such a vital role.
Read her story

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Credit: F4D Studio
Amazon’s robot arms break ground in safety and technology
While these systems look like other robot arms, they embed advanced technologies that will shape Amazon's robot fleet for years to come.
Watch the robots in action

Tingting Sha Irene Song Ahmed El Saadany Amazon Science.jpg
How three science PhDs found different career paths at Amazon
Their doctoral degrees help these product managers bridge the gap between business and science.
Read their stories

Abdigani Diriye is seen giving a talk in front of a map of the African continent
Credit: Bret Hartman / TED
Abdigani Diriye named among top young African economic leaders
The Amazon research manager was included on a list of individuals 40 and younger who are projected to play a leading role in Africa’s economic future.
Find out why he was honored

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Alexa: The science must go on
“Despite the challenges of the pandemic, the Alexa team has shown incredible adaptability and grit, delivering scientific results that are already making a difference for our customers and will have long-lasting effects,” Rohit Prasad.
Read the post by Alexa's head scientist
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Credit: Todd Cheney
Graceful AI
Amazon vice president Stefano Soatto writes about the work his team is doing to making AI more "graceful", including publishing papers on backward-compatible updates to ML models and more.
Learn about the work being done
QB decision making.png
Credit: Gregory Trott/AP
How AWS scientists help create the NFL’s Next Gen Stats
In its collaboration with the NFL, AWS contributes cloud computing technology, machine learning services, business intelligence services — and, sometimes, the expertise of its scientists.
Learn how science plays a role
A picture of Aleksander Kubica
Credit: Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
The quantum gambit
How an Amazon quantum computing scientist won the first-ever quantum chess tournament.
Learn more about his unusual strategy

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About Amazon Health Amazon Health’s mission is to make it dramatically easier for customers to access the healthcare products and services they need to get and stay healthy. Towards this mission, we (Health Storefront and Shared Tech) are building the technology, products and services, that help customers find, buy, and engage with the healthcare solutions they need. Job summary We are seeking an exceptional Applied Scientist to join a team of experts in the field of machine learning, and work together to break new ground in the world of healthcare to make personalized and empathetic care accessible, convenient, and cost-effective. We leverage and train state-of-the-art large-language-models (LLMs) and develop entirely new experiences to help customers find the right products and services to address their health needs. We work on machine learning problems for intent detection, dialogue systems, and information retrieval. You will work in a highly collaborative environment where you can pursue both near-term productization opportunities to make immediate, meaningful customer impacts while pursuing ambitious, long-term research. You will work on hard science problems that have not been solved before, conduct rapid prototyping to validate your hypothesis, and deploy your algorithmic ideas at scale. You will get the opportunity to pursue work that makes people's lives better and pushes the envelop of science. Key job responsibilities - Translate product and CX requirements into science metrics and rigorous testing methodologies. - Invent and develop scalable methodologies to evaluate LLM outputs against metrics and guardrails. - Design and implement the best-in-class semantic retrieval system by creating high-quality knowledge base and optimizing embedding models and similarity measures. - Conduct tuning, training, and optimization of LLMs to achieve a compelling CX while reducing operational cost to be scalable. A day in the life In a fast-paced innovation environment, you work closely with product, UX, and business teams to understand customer's challenges. You translate product and business requirements into science problems. You dive deep into challenging science problems, enabling entirely new ML and LLM-driven customer experiences. You identify hypothesis and conduct rapid prototyping to learn quickly. You develop and deploy models at scale to pursue productizations. You mentor junior science team members and help influence our org in scientific best practices. About the team We are the ML Science and Engineering team, with a strong focus on Generative AI. The team consists of top-notch ML Scientists with diverse background in healthcare, robotics, customer analytics, and communication. We are committed to building and deploying the most advanced scientific capabilities and solutions for the products and services at Amazon Health. We are open to hiring candidates to work out of one of the following locations: Santa Clara, CA, USA
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US, WA, Seattle
We are designing the future. If you are in quest of an iterative fast-paced environment, where you can drive innovation through scientific inquiry, and provide tangible benefit to hundreds of thousands of our associates worldwide, this is your opportunity. Come work on the Amazon Worldwide Fulfillment Design & Engineering Team! We are looking for an experienced and senior Research Scientist with background in Ergonomics and Industrial Human Factors, someone that is excited to work on complex real-world challenges for which a comprehensive scientific approach is necessary to drive solutions. Your investigations will define human factor / ergonomic thresholds resulting in design and implementation of safe and efficient workspaces and processes for our associates. Your role will entail assessment and design of manual material handling tasks throughout the entire Amazon network. You will identify fundamental questions pertaining to the human capabilities and tolerances in a myriad of work environments, and will initiate and lead studies that will drive decision making on an extreme scale. .You will provide definitive human factors/ ergonomics input and participate in design with every single design group in our network, including Amazon Robotics, Engineering R&D, and Operations Engineering. You will work closely with our Worldwide Health and Safety organization to gain feedback on designs and work tenaciously to continuously improve our associate’s experience. Key job responsibilities - Collaborating and designing work processes and workspaces that adhere to human factors / ergonomics standards worldwide. - Producing comprehensive and assessments of workstations and processes covering biomechanical, physiological, and psychophysical demands. - Effectively communicate your design rationale to multiple engineering and operations entities. - Identifying gaps in current human factors standards and guidelines, and lead comprehensive studies to redefine “industry best practices” based on solid scientific foundations. - Continuously strive to gain in-depth knowledge of your profession, as well as branch out to learn about intersecting fields, such as robotics and mechatronics. - Travelling to our various sites to perform thorough assessments and gain in-depth operational feedback, approximately 25%-50% of the time. We are open to hiring candidates to work out of one of the following locations: Seattle, WA, USA
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US, WA, Seattle
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Applied Scientist, Advertising Incrementality Measurement
US, CA, Santa Monica
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Applied Science Manager, Gen AI Innovation Center, AWS
US, CA, Santa Clara
Amazon launched the Generative AI Innovation Center (GAIIC) in Jun 2023 to help AWS customers accelerate the use of Generative AI to solve business and operational problems and promote innovation in their organization (https://press.aboutamazon.com/2023/6/aws-announces-generative-ai-innovation-center). GAIIC provides opportunities to innovate in a fast-paced organization that contributes to game-changing projects and technologies that get deployed on devices and in the cloud. As an Applied Science Manager in GAIIC, you'll partner with technology and business teams to build new GenAI solutions that delight our customers. You will be responsible for directing a team of data/research/applied scientists, deep learning architects, and ML engineers to build generative AI models and pipelines, and deliver state-of-the-art solutions to customer’s business and mission problems. Your team will be working with terabytes of text, images, and other types of data to address real-world problems. The successful candidate will possess both technical and customer-facing skills that will allow you to be the technical “face” of AWS within our solution providers’ ecosystem/environment as well as directly to end customers. You will be able to drive discussions with senior technical and management personnel within customers and partners, as well as the technical background that enables them to interact with and give guidance to data/research/applied scientists and software developers. The ideal candidate will also have a demonstrated ability to think strategically about business, product, and technical issues. Finally, and of critical importance, the candidate will be an excellent technical team manager, someone who knows how to hire, develop, and retain high quality technical talent. About the team Here at AWS, it’s in our nature to learn and be curious about diverse perspectives. Our employee-led affinity groups foster a culture of inclusion that empower employees to feel proud of our differences. Ongoing events and learning experiences, including our Conversations on Race and Ethnicity (CORE) and AmazeCon (gender diversity) conferences, inspire us to never stop embracing our uniqueness. We have a career path for you no matter what stage you’re in when you start here. We’re continuously raising our performance bar as we strive to become Earth’s Best Employer. That’s why you’ll find endless knowledge-sharing, mentorship and other career- advancing resources here to help you develop into a better-rounded professional. We are open to hiring candidates to work out of one of the following locations: San Francisco, CA, USA | San Jose, CA, USA | Santa Clara, CA, USA
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GB, London
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Senior Economist, Amazon Japan
JP, 13, Tokyo
We are seeking a Principal Economist to be the science leader in Amazon's customer growth and engagement. The wide remit covers Prime, delivery experiences, loyalty program (Amazon Points), and marketing. We look forward to partnering with you to advance our innovation on customers’ behalf. Amazon has a trailblazing track record of working with Ph.D. economists in the tech industry and offers a unique environment for economists to thrive. As an economist at Amazon, you will apply the frontier of econometric and economic methods to Amazon’s terabytes of data and intriguing customer problems. Your expertise in building reduced-form or structural causal inference models is exemplary in Amazon. Your strategic thinking in designing mechanisms and products influences how Amazon evolves. In this role, you will build ground-breaking, state-of-the-art econometric models to guide multi-billion-dollar investment decisions around the global Amazon marketplaces. You will own, execute, and expand a research roadmap that connects science, business, and engineering and contributes to Amazon's long term success. As one of the first economists outside North America/EU, you will make an outsized impact to our international marketplaces and pioneer in expanding Amazon’s economist community in Asia. The ideal candidate will be an experienced economist in empirical industrial organization, labour economics, or related structural/reduced-form causal inference fields. You are a self-starter who enjoys ambiguity in a fast-paced and ever-changing environment. You think big on the next game-changing opportunity but also dive deep into every detail that matters. You insist on the highest standards and are consistent in delivering results. Key job responsibilities - Work with Product, Finance, Data Science, and Data Engineering teams across the globe to deliver data-driven insights and products for regional and world-wide launches. - Innovate on how Amazon can leverage data analytics to better serve our customers through selection and pricing. - Contribute to building a strong data science community in Amazon Asia. We are open to hiring candidates to work out of one of the following locations: Tokyo, 13, JPN
Senior Applied Scientist, Ops. Integration: Concessions
DE, BE, Berlin
Ops Integration: Concessions team is looking for a motivated, creative and customer obsessed Snr. Applied Scientist with a strong machine learning background, to develop advanced analytics models (Computer Vision, LLMs, etc.) that improve customer experiences We are the voice of the customer in Amazon’s operations, and we take that role very seriously. If you join this team, you will be a key contributor to delivering the Factory of the Future: leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) and advanced analytics to drive tangible, operational change on the ground. You will collaborate with a wide range of stakeholders (You will partner with Research and Applied Scientists, SDEs, Technical Program Managers, Product Managers and Business Leaders) across the business to develop and refine new ways of assessing challenges within Amazon operations. This role will combine Amazon’s oldest Leadership Principle, with the latest analytical innovations, to deliver business change at scale and efficiently The ideal candidate will have deep and broad experience with theoretical approaches and practical implementations of vision techniques for task automation. They will be a motivated self-starter who can thrive in a fast-paced environment. They will be passionate about staying current with sensing technologies and algorithms in the broader machine vision industry. They will enjoy working in a multi-disciplinary team of engineers, scientists and business leaders. They will seek to understand processes behind data so their recommendations are grounded. Key job responsibilities Your solutions will drive new system capabilities with global impact. You will design highly scalable, large enterprise software solutions involving computer vision. You will develop complex perception algorithms integrating across multiple sensing devices. You will develop metrics to quantify the benefits of a solution and influence project resources. You will validate system performance and use insights from your live models to drive the next generation of model development. Common tasks include: • Research, design, implement and evaluate complex perception and decision making algorithms integrating across multiple disciplines • Work closely with software engineering teams to drive scalable, real-time implementations • Collaborate closely with team members on developing systems from prototyping to production level • Collaborate with teams spread all over the world • Track general business activity and provide clear, compelling management reports on a regular basis We are open to hiring candidates to work out of one of the following locations: Berlin, BE, DEU | Berlin, DEU
Senior Applied Scientist, Ops. Integration: Concessions
DE, BY, Munich
Ops Integration: Concessions team is looking for a motivated, creative and customer obsessed Snr. Applied Scientist with a strong machine learning background, to develop advanced analytics models (Computer Vision, LLMs, etc.) that improve customer experiences We are the voice of the customer in Amazon’s operations, and we take that role very seriously. If you join this team, you will be a key contributor to delivering the Factory of the Future: leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) and advanced analytics to drive tangible, operational change on the ground. You will collaborate with a wide range of stakeholders (You will partner with Research and Applied Scientists, SDEs, Technical Program Managers, Product Managers and Business Leaders) across the business to develop and refine new ways of assessing challenges within Amazon operations. This role will combine Amazon’s oldest Leadership Principle, with the latest analytical innovations, to deliver business change at scale and efficiently The ideal candidate will have deep and broad experience with theoretical approaches and practical implementations of vision techniques for task automation. They will be a motivated self-starter who can thrive in a fast-paced environment. They will be passionate about staying current with sensing technologies and algorithms in the broader machine vision industry. They will enjoy working in a multi-disciplinary team of engineers, scientists and business leaders. They will seek to understand processes behind data so their recommendations are grounded. Key job responsibilities Your solutions will drive new system capabilities with global impact. You will design highly scalable, large enterprise software solutions involving computer vision. You will develop complex perception algorithms integrating across multiple sensing devices. You will develop metrics to quantify the benefits of a solution and influence project resources. You will validate system performance and use insights from your live models to drive the next generation of model development. Common tasks include: • Research, design, implement and evaluate complex perception and decision making algorithms integrating across multiple disciplines • Work closely with software engineering teams to drive scalable, real-time implementations • Collaborate closely with team members on developing systems from prototyping to production level • Collaborate with teams spread all over the world • Track general business activity and provide clear, compelling management reports on a regular basis We are open to hiring candidates to work out of one of the following locations: Munich, BE, DEU | Munich, BY, DEU | Munich, DEU
Senior Applied Scientist, Ops. Integration: Concessions
IT, MI, Milan
Ops Integration: Concessions team is looking for a motivated, creative and customer obsessed Snr. Applied Scientist with a strong machine learning background, to develop advanced analytics models (Computer Vision, LLMs, etc.) that improve customer experiences We are the voice of the customer in Amazon’s operations, and we take that role very seriously. If you join this team, you will be a key contributor to delivering the Factory of the Future: leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) and advanced analytics to drive tangible, operational change on the ground. You will collaborate with a wide range of stakeholders (You will partner with Research and Applied Scientists, SDEs, Technical Program Managers, Product Managers and Business Leaders) across the business to develop and refine new ways of assessing challenges within Amazon operations. This role will combine Amazon’s oldest Leadership Principle, with the latest analytical innovations, to deliver business change at scale and efficiently The ideal candidate will have deep and broad experience with theoretical approaches and practical implementations of vision techniques for task automation. They will be a motivated self-starter who can thrive in a fast-paced environment. They will be passionate about staying current with sensing technologies and algorithms in the broader machine vision industry. They will enjoy working in a multi-disciplinary team of engineers, scientists and business leaders. They will seek to understand processes behind data so their recommendations are grounded. Key job responsibilities Your solutions will drive new system capabilities with global impact. You will design highly scalable, large enterprise software solutions involving computer vision. You will develop complex perception algorithms integrating across multiple sensing devices. You will develop metrics to quantify the benefits of a solution and influence project resources. You will validate system performance and use insights from your live models to drive the next generation of model development. Common tasks include: • Research, design, implement and evaluate complex perception and decision making algorithms integrating across multiple disciplines • Work closely with software engineering teams to drive scalable, real-time implementations • Collaborate closely with team members on developing systems from prototyping to production level • Collaborate with teams spread all over the world • Track general business activity and provide clear, compelling management reports on a regular basis We are open to hiring candidates to work out of one of the following locations: Milan, MI, ITA
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