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Goal-oriented dialogue systems typically rely on components specifically developed for a single task or domain. This limits such systems in two different ways: If there is an update in the task domain, the dialogue system usually needs to be updated or completely re-trained. It is also harder to extend such dialogue systems to different and multiple domains. The dialogue state tracker in conventional dialogue

We use standard program transformations to construct formal security proofs.

Hyperband has become a popular method to tune the hyperparameters (HPs) of expensive machine learning models, whose performance depends on the amount of resources allocated for training. While Hyperband is conceptually simple, combining random search to a successive halving technique to reallocate resources to the most promising HPs, it often outperforms standard Bayesian optimization when solutions with

The Gaussian mechanism is an essential building block used in multitude of differentially private data analysis algorithms. In this paper we revisit the Gaussian mechanism and show that the original analysis has several important limitations. Our analysis reveals that the variance formula for the original mechanism is far from tight in the high privacy regime (ε → 0) and it cannot be extended to the low

A large collection of time series poses significant challenges for classical and neural forecasting approaches. Classical time series models fail to fit data well and to scale to large problems, but succeed at providing uncertainty estimates. The converse is true for deep neural networks. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model that incorporates the benefits of both approaches. Our new method is data-driven

This paper describes our experience with symbolic model checking in an industrial setting. We have proved that the initial boot code running in data centers at Amazon Web Services is memory safe, an essential step in establishing the security of any data center. Standard static analysis tools cannot be easily used on boot code without modification owing to issues not commonly found in higher-level code,

Deep neural networks are often desired in environments with limited memory and computational power (such as mobile devices), where it is beneficial to perform model quantization – training networks with low-precision weights. A key mechanism commonly used in training quantized nets is the straight-through gradient method, which enables back-propagation through the quantization mapping. Despite its success

Differential privacy comes equipped with multiple analytical tools for the design of private data analyses. One important tool is the so-called “privacy amplification by subsampling” principle, which ensures that a differentially private mechanism run on a random subsample of a population provides higher privacy guarantees than when run on the entire population. Several instances of this principle have

This paper investigates the use of Machine Translation (MT) to bootstrap a Natural Language Understanding (NLU) system for a new language for the use case of a large-scale voice-controlled device. The goal is to decrease the cost and time needed to get an annotated corpus for the new language, while still having a large enough coverage of user requests. Different methods of filtering MT data in order to

Structured prediction, where outcomes have a precedence order, lies at the heart of machine learning for information retrieval, movie recommendation, product review prediction, and digital advertising. Ordinal ranking, in particular, assumes that the structured response has a linear ranked order. Due to the extensive applicability of these models, substantial research has been devoted to understanding them

In September 2016, Amazon introduced a new problem in conversational Al, the Alexa Prize, which challenged student teams to build a socialbot that could converse with Alexa on a wide range of topics. The socialbot differs from task-oriented dialog systems that address explicit user goals associated with a constrained domain, and also differs from chatbot systems that only handle social chitchat. The socialbot

Building conversational systems that enable natural language interactions with machines has been attractive to mankind since the early days of computing, as exemplified by earlier text-based systems such as ELIZA [Weizenbaum, 1966]. Previous work on conversational systems generally falls into two categories, task-oriented and socialbots. Task-oriented systems aim to help users accomplish a specific task

Gunrock is a social bot designed to engage users in open domain conversations. We improved our bot iteratively using large scale user interaction data to be more capable and human-like. Our system engaged in over 40,000 conversations during the semi-finals period of the 2018 Alexa Prize. We developed a context-aware hierarchical dialog manager to handle a wide variety of user behaviors, such as topic switching

This paper presents the second version of the dialogue system named Alquist competing in Amazon Alexa Prize 2018. We introduce a system leveraging ontology based topic structure called topic nodes. Each of the nodes consists of several sub-dialogues, and each sub-dialogue has its own LSTM-based model for dialogue management. The sub-dialogues can be triggered according to the topic hierarchy or a user intent

We describe our 2018 Alexa prize system (called ‘Alana’) which consists of an ensemble of bots, combining rule-based and machine learning systems. This paper reports on the version of the system developed and evaluated in the semifinals of the 2018 competition (i.e. up to 15 August 2018), but not on subsequent enhancements. The main advances over our 2017 Alana system are: (1) a deeper Natural Language

We present BYU-EVE, an open domain dialogue architecture that combines the strengths of hand-crafted rules, deep learning, and structured knowledge graph traversal in order to create satisfying user experiences. Rather than viewing dialogue as a strict mapping between input and output texts, EVE treats conversations as a collaborative process in which two jointly coordinating agents chart a trajectory through

We describe IrisBot, a conversational agent that aims to help a customer be informed about the world around them, while being entertained and engaged. Our bot attempts to incorporate real-time search, informed advice, and latest news recommendation into a coherent conversation. IrisBot can already track information on the latest topics and opinions from News, Sports, and Entertainment and some specialized

This paper describes the Tartan conversational agent built for the 2018 Alexa Prize Competition. Tartan is a non-goal-oriented socialbot focused around providing users with an engaging and fluent casual conversation. Tartan’s key features include an emphasis on structured conversation based on flexible finite-state models and an approach focused on understanding and using conversational acts. To provide

In domain classification for spoken dialog systems, correct detection of out-of-domain (OOD) utterances is crucial because it reduces confusion and unnecessary interaction costs between users and the systems. Previous work usually utilizes OOD detectors that are trained separately from in-domain (IND) classifiers, and confidence thresholding for OOD detection given target evaluation scores. In this paper

In this paper we present Fantom, a social chatbot competing in the Amazon Alexa Prize 2018. The system uses a dialog graph for retrieving an approximation of the current dialog context in order to find suitable response candidates in this context. The graph is gradually built using user utterances from actual interactions, and system responses suggested by crowd workers. To this end, we developed an automatic