The breadth of Amazon's computer vision research is on display at ECCV

Research topics range from visual anomaly detection to road network extraction, regression-constrained neural-architecture search to self-supervised learning for video representations.

Amazon's contributions to this year's European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) reflect the diversity of the company's research interests. Below is a quick guide to the topics and methods of a dozen ECCV papers whose authors include Amazon scientists.

Fine-grained fashion representation learning by online deep clustering
Yang (Andrew) Jiao, Ning Xie, Yan Gao, Chien-Chih Wang, Yi Sun

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Fashions are characterized by both global attributes, such as “skirt length”, and local attributes, such as “neckline style”. Accurate representations of such attributes are essential to tasks like fashion retrieval and fashion recommendation, but learning representations of each attribute independently ignores shared visual statistics among the attributes. Instead, the researchers treat representation learning as a multitask learning problem, enforcing cluster-level constraints on global structure. The learned representations improve fashion retrieval by a large margin.

GLASS: Global to local attention for scene-text spotting
Roi Ronen, Shahar Tsiper, Oron Anschel, Inbal Lavi, Amir Markovitz, R. Manmatha

Modern text-spotting models combine text detection and recognition into a single end-to-end framework, in which both tasks often rely on a shared global feature map. Such models, however, struggle to recognize text across scale variations (smaller or larger text) and arbitrary word rotation angles. The researchers propose a novel attention mechanism for text spotting, called GLASS, that fuses together global and local features. The global features are extracted from the shared backbone, while the local features are computed individually on resized, high-resolution word crops with upright orientation. GLASS achieves state-of-the-art results on multiple public benchmarks, and the researchers show that it can be integrated with other text-spotting solutions, improving their performance.

GLASS.png
A novel attention mechanism for text spotting, called GLASS, fuses together global and local features. From "GLASS: Global to local attention for scene-text spotting".

Large scale real-world multi-person tracking
Bing Shuai, Alessandro Bergamo, Uta Buechler, Andrew Berneshawi, Alyssa Boden, Joseph Tighe

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This paper presents a new multi-person tracking dataset — PersonPath22 — which is more than an order of magnitude larger than existing high-quality multi-object tracking datasets. The PersonPath22 dataset is specifically sourced to provide a wide variety of conditions, and its annotations include rich metadata that allows the performance of a tracker to be evaluated along these different dimensions. Its large-scale real-world training and test data enable the community to better understand the performance of multi-person tracking systems in a range of scenarios and conditions.

MaCLR: Motion-aware contrastive Learning of representations for videos
Fanyi Xiao, Joseph Tighe, Davide Modolo

Attempts to use self-supervised learning for video have had some success, but existing approaches don’t make explicit use of motion information derived from the temporal sequence, which is important for supervised action recognition tasks. The researchers propose a self-supervised video representation-learning method that explicitly models motion cues during training. The method, MaCLR, consists of two pathways, visual and motion, connected by a novel cross-modal contrastive objective that enables the motion pathway to guide the visual pathway toward relevant motion cues.

MACLR.png
A frame of video (top left) and three different methods of capturing motion. From "MaCLR: Motion-aware contrastive Learning of representations for videos".

PSS: Progressive sample selection for open-world visual representation learning
Tianyue Cao, Yongxin Wang, Yifan Xing, Tianjun Xiao, Tong He, Zheng Zhang, Hao Zhou, Joseph Tighe

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New end-to-end approach to zero-shot video classification dramatically outperforms predecessors.

In computer vision, open-world representation learning is the challenge of learning representations for categories of images not seen during training. Existing approaches make unrealistic assumptions, such as foreknowledge of the number of categories the unseen images fall into, or the ability to determine in advance which unlabeled training examples fall into unseen categories. The researchers’ novel progressive approach avoids such assumptions, selecting at each iteration unlabeled samples that are highly homogenous but belong to classes that are distant from the current set of known classes. High-quality pseudo-labels generated via clustering over these selected samples then improve the feature generalization iteratively.

Rayleigh EigenDirections (REDs): Nonlinear GAN latent space traversals for multidimensional features
Guha Balakrishnan, Raghudeep Gadde, Aleix Martinez, Pietro Perona

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) can map points in a latent space to images, producing extremely realistic synthetic data. Past attempts to control GANs’ outputs have looked for linear trajectories through the space that correspond, approximately, to continuous variation of a particular image feature. The researchers propose a new method for finding nonlinear trajectories through the space, providing unprecedented control over GANs’ outputs, including the ability to hold specified image features fixed while varying others.

Rethinking few-shot object detection on a multi-domain benchmark
Kibok Lee, Hao Yang, Satyaki Chakraborty, Zhaowei Cai, Gurumurthy Swaminathan, Avinash Ravichandran, Onkar Dabeer

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New “meta-learning” approach improves on the state of the art in “one-shot” learning.

Most existing work on few-shot object detection (FSOD) focuses on settings where both the pretraining and few-shot learning datasets are from similar domains. The researchers propose a Multi-dOmain Few-Shot Object Detection (MoFSOD) benchmark consisting of 10 datasets from a wide range of domains to evaluate FSOD algorithms across a greater variety of applications. They comprehensively analyze the effects of freezing layers, different architectures, and different pretraining datasets on FSOD performance, drawing several surprising conclusions. One of these is that, contrary to prior belief, on a multidomain benchmark, fine-tuning (FT) is a strong baseline for FSOD.

SPot-the-Difference: Self-supervised pre-training for anomaly detection and segmentation
Yang Zou, Jongheon Jeong, Latha Pemula, Dongqing Zhang, Onkar Dabeer

Visual anomaly detection is commonly used in industrial quality inspection. This paper presents a new dataset and a new self-supervised learning method for ImageNet pretraining to improve anomaly detection and segmentation in 1-class and 2-class 5/10/high-shot training setups. The Visual Anomaly (VisA) Dataset consists of 10,821 high-resolution color images (9,621 normal and 1,200 anomalous samples) covering 12 objects in three domains, making it one of the largest industrial anomaly detection datasets to date. The paper also proposes a new self-supervised framework — SPot-the-Difference (SPD) — that can regularize contrastive self-supervised and also supervised pretraining to better handle anomaly detection tasks.

SPD contrastive learning.png
Conventional contrastive learning (left) and the contrastive-learning scheme used in SPD (spot-the-difference) training. From "SPot-the-difference: Self-supervised pre-training for anomaly detection and segmentation".

TD-Road: Top-down road network extraction with holistic graph construction
Yang He, Ravi Garg, Amber Roy Chowdhury

Road network extraction from satellite imagery is essential for constructing rich maps and enabling numerous applications in route planning and navigation. Previous graph-based methods used a bottom-up approach, estimating local information and extending a graph iteratively. This paper, by contrast, proposes a top-down approach that decomposes the problem into two subtasks: key point prediction and connectedness prediction. Unlike previous approaches, the proposed method applies graph structures (i.e., locations of nodes and connections between them) as training supervisions for deep neural networks and directly generates road graph outputs through inference.

TD-road.png
A satellite image (left) and three methods for extracting road networks from it: segmentation, bottom-up-graph-based methods, and a new top-down graph-based method (far right). From "TD-Road: Top-down road network extraction with holistic graph construction."

Towards regression-free neural networks for diverse compute platforms
Rahul Duggal, Hao Zhou, Shuo Yang, Jun Fang, Yuanjun Xiong, Wei Xia

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New approach corrects for cases when average improvements are accompanied by specific regressions.

Commercial machine learning models are constantly being updated, and while an updated model may improve performance on average, it can still regress — i.e., suffer “negative flips” — on particular inputs it used to handle correctly. This paper introduces regression-constrained neural-architecture search (REG-NAS), which consists of two components: (1) a novel architecture constraint that enables a larger model to contain all the weights of a smaller one, thus maximizing weight sharing, and (2) a novel search reward that incorporates both top-1 accuracy and negative flips in the architecture search metric. Relative to the existing state-of-the-art approach, REG-NAS enables 33 – 48% reduction of negative flips.

Unsupervised and semi-supervised bias benchmarking in face recognition
Alexandra Chouldechova, Siqi Deng, Yongxin Wang, Wei Xia, Pietro Perona

This paper introduces semi-supervised performance evaluation for face recognition (SPE-FR), a statistical method for evaluating the performance and algorithmic bias of face verification systems when identity labels are unavailable or incomplete. The method is based on parametric Bayesian modeling of face embedding similarity scores, and it produces point estimates, performance curves, and confidence bands that reflect uncertainty in the estimation procedure. Experiments show that SPE-FR can accurately assess performance on data with no identity labels and confidently reveal demographic biases in system performance.

X-DETR: A versatile architecture for instance-wise vision-language tasks
Zhaowei Cai, Gukyeong Kwon, Avinash Ravichandran, Erhan Bas, Zhuowen Tu, Rahul Bhotika, Stefano Soatto

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This paper addresses the challenge of instance-wise vision-language tasks, which require free-form language to align with objects inside an image, rather than the image itself. The paper presents the X-DETR model, whose architecture has three major components: an object detector, a language encoder, and a vision-language alignment module. The vision and language streams are independent until the end, and they are aligned using an efficient dot-product operation. This simple architecture shows good accuracy and fast speeds for multiple instance-wise vision-language tasks, such as open-vocabulary object detection.

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X-DETR addresses the challenge of instance-wise vision-language tasks, which require free-form language to align with objects inside an image, rather than the image itself. From "X-DETR: A versatile architecture for instance-wise vision-language tasks".

Research areas

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US, WA, Seattle
Job description: We are reimagining Amazon Search with an interactive conversational experience that helps you find answers to product questions, perform product comparisons, receive personalized product suggestions, and so much more, to easily find the perfect product for your needs. We’re looking for the best and brightest across Amazon to help us realize and deliver this vision to our customers right away. This will be a once in a generation transformation for Search, just like the Mosaic browser made the Internet easier to engage with three decades ago. If you missed the 90s—WWW, Mosaic, and the founding of Amazon and Google—you don’t want to miss this opportunity.
US, WA, Bellevue
We are looking for detail-oriented, organized, and responsible individuals who are eager to learn how to work with large and complicated data sets. Knowledge of econometrics, (Bayesian) time series, macroeconomic, as well as basic familiarity with Matlab, R, or Python is necessary, and experience with SQL would be a plus. These are full-time positions at 40 hours per week, with compensation being awarded on an hourly basis. You will learn how to build data sets and perform applied econometric analysis at Internet speed collaborating with economists, scientists, and product managers. These skills will translate well into writing applied chapters in your dissertation and provide you with work experience that may help you with placement. Roughly 85% of previous cohorts have converted to full time economics employment at Amazon. If you are interested, please send your CV to our mailing list at econ-internship@amazon.com.
US, WA, Seattle
Do you want to join an innovative team of scientists who use machine learning to help Amazon provide the best experience to our Selling Partners by automatically understanding and addressing their challenges, needs and opportunities? Do you want to build advanced algorithmic systems that are powered by state-of-art ML, such as Natural Language Processing, Large Language Models, Deep Learning, Computer Vision and Causal Modeling, to seamlessly engage with Sellers? Are you excited by the prospect of analyzing and modeling terabytes of data and creating cutting edge algorithms to solve real world problems? Do you like to build end-to-end business solutions and directly impact the profitability of the company and experience of our customers? Do you like to innovate and simplify? If yes, then you may be a great fit to join the Selling Partner Experience Science team. Key job responsibilities Use statistical and machine learning techniques to create the next generation of the tools that empower Amazon's Selling Partners to succeed. Design, develop and deploy highly innovative models to interact with Sellers and delight them with solutions. Work closely with teams of scientists and software engineers to drive real-time model implementations and deliver novel and highly impactful features. Establish scalable, efficient, automated processes for large scale data analyses, model development, model validation and model implementation. Research and implement novel machine learning and statistical approaches. Lead strategic initiatives to employ the most recent advances in ML in a fast-paced, experimental environment. Drive the vision and roadmap for how ML can continually improve Selling Partner experience. About the team Selling Partner Experience Science (SPeXSci) is a growing team of scientists, engineers and product leaders engaged in the research and development of the next generation of ML-driven technology to empower Amazon's Selling Partners to succeed. We draw from many science domains, from Natural Language Processing to Computer Vision to Optimization to Economics, to create solutions that seamlessly and automatically engage with Sellers, solve their problems, and help them grow. Focused on collaboration, innovation and strategic impact, we work closely with other science and technology teams, product and operations organizations, and with senior leadership, to transform the Selling Partner experience.
US, WA, Seattle
The AWS AI Labs team has a world-leading team of researchers and academics, and we are looking for world-class colleagues to join us and make the AI revolution happen. Our team of scientists have developed the algorithms and models that power AWS computer vision services such as Amazon Rekognition and Amazon Textract. As part of the team, we expect that you will develop innovative solutions to hard problems, and publish your findings at peer reviewed conferences and workshops. AWS is the world-leading provider of cloud services, has fostered the creation and growth of countless new businesses, and is a positive force for good. Our customers bring problems which will give Applied Scientists like you endless opportunities to see your research have a positive and immediate impact in the world. You will have the opportunity to partner with technology and business teams to solve real-world problems, have access to virtually endless data and computational resources, and to world-class engineers and developers that can help bring your ideas into the world. Our research themes include, but are not limited to: few-shot learning, transfer learning, unsupervised and semi-supervised methods, active learning and semi-automated data annotation, large scale image and video detection and recognition, face detection and recognition, OCR and scene text recognition, document understanding, 3D scene and layout understanding, and geometric computer vision. For this role, we are looking for scientist who have experience working in the intersection of vision and language. We are located in Seattle, Pasadena, Palo Alto (USA) and in Haifa and Tel Aviv (Israel).
RO, Iasi
Amazon’s mission is to be earth’s most customer-centric company and our team is the guardian of our customer’s privacy. Amazon SDO Privacy engineering operates in Austin – TX, US and Iasi, Bucharest – Romania. Our mission is to develop services which will enable every Amazon service operating with personal data to satisfy the privacy rights of Amazon customers. We are working backwards from the customers and world-wide privacy regulations, think long term, and propose solutions which will assure Amazon Privacy compliance. Our external customers are world-wide customers of Amazon Retail Website, Amazon B2B services (e.g. Seller central, App / Skill Developers), and Amazon Subsidiaries. Our internal customers are services within Amazon who operate with personal data, Legal Representatives, and Customer Service Agents. You can opt-in for being part of one of the existing or newly formed engineering teams who will contribute to Amazon mission to meet external customers’ privacy rights: Personal Data Classification, The Right to be forgotten, The right of access, or Digital Markets Act – The Right of Portability. The ideal candidate has a great passion for data and an insatiable desire to learn and innovate. A commitment to team work, hustle and strong communication skills (to both business and technical partners) are absolute requirements. Creating reliable, scalable, and high-performance products requires a sound understanding of the fundamentals of Computer Science and practical experience building large-scale distributed systems. Your solutions will apply to all of Amazon’s consumer and digital businesses including but not limited to Amazon.com, Alexa, Kindle, Amazon Go, Prime Video and more. Key job responsibilities As an data scientist on our team, you will apply the appropriate technologies and best practices to autonomously solve difficult problems. You'll contribute to the science solution design, run experiments, research new algorithms, and find new ways of optimizing customer experience. Besides theoretical analysis and innovation, you will work closely with talented engineers and ML scientists to put your algorithms and models into practice. You will collaborate with partner teams including engineering, PMs, data annotators, and other scientists to discuss data quality, policy, and model development. Your work will directly impact the trust customers place in Amazon Privacy, globally.
JP, 13, Tokyo
The JP Economics team is a central science team working across a variety of topics in the JP Retail business and beyond. We work closely with JP business leaders to drive change at Amazon. We focus on solving long-term, ambiguous and challenging problems, while providing advisory support to help solve short-term business pain points. Key topics include pricing, product selection, delivery speed, profitability, and customer experience. We tackle these issues by building novel economic/econometric models, machine learning systems, and high-impact experiments which we integrate into business, financial, and system-level decision making. Our work is highly collaborative and we regularly partner with JP- EU- and US-based interdisciplinary teams. In this role, you will build ground-breaking, state-of-the-art causal inference models to guide multi-billion-dollar investment decisions around the global Amazon marketplaces. You will own, execute, and expand a research roadmap that connects science, business, and engineering and contributes to Amazon's long term success. As one of the first economists outside North America/EU, you will make an outsized impact to our international marketplaces and pioneer in expanding Amazon’s economist community in Asia. The ideal candidate will be an experienced economist in empirical industrial organization, labour economics, econometrics, or related structural/reduced-form causal inference fields. You are a self-starter who enjoys ambiguity in a fast-paced and ever-changing environment. You think big on the next game-changing opportunity but also dive deep into every detail that matters. You insist on the highest standards and are consistent in delivering results. Key job responsibilities Work with Product, Finance, Data Science, and Data Engineering teams across the globe to deliver data-driven insights and products for regional and world-wide launches. Innovate on how Amazon can leverage data analytics to better serve our customers through selection and pricing. Contribute to building a strong data science community in Amazon Asia.
GB, London
Are you excited about applying economic models and methods using large data sets to solve real world business problems? Then join the Economic Decision Science (EDS) team. EDS is an economic science team based in the EU Stores business. The teams goal is to optimize and automate business decision making in the EU business and beyond. An internship at Amazon is an opportunity to work with leading economic researchers on influencing needle-moving business decisions using incomparable datasets and tools. It is an opportunity for PhD students and recent PhD graduates in Economics or related fields. We are looking for detail-oriented, organized, and responsible individuals who are eager to learn how to work with large and complicated data sets. Knowledge of econometrics, as well as basic familiarity with Stata, R, or Python is necessary. Experience with SQL would be a plus. As an Economics Intern, you will be working in a fast-paced, cross-disciplinary team of researchers who are pioneers in the field. You will take on complex problems, and work on solutions that either leverage existing academic and industrial research, or utilize your own out-of-the-box pragmatic thinking. In addition to coming up with novel solutions and prototypes, you may even need to deliver these to production in customer facing products. Roughly 85% of previous intern cohorts have converted to full time economics employment at Amazon.
US, CA, Cupertino
We're looking for an Applied Scientist to help us secure Amazon's most critical data. In this role, you'll work closely with internal security teams to design and build AR-powered systems that protect our customers' data. You will build on top of existing formal verification tools developed by AWS and develop new methods to apply those tools at scale. You will need to be innovative, entrepreneurial, and adaptable. We move fast, experiment, iterate and then scale quickly, thoughtfully balancing speed and quality. Inclusive Team Culture Here at AWS, we embrace our differences. We are committed to furthering our culture of inclusion. We have ten employee-led affinity groups, reaching 40,000 employees in over 190 chapters globally. We have innovative benefit offerings, and host annual and ongoing learning experiences, including our Conversations on Race and Ethnicity (CORE) and AmazeCon (gender diversity) conferences. Work/Life Balance Our team puts a high value on work-life balance. It isn’t about how many hours you spend at home or at work; it’s about the flow you establish that brings energy to both parts of your life. We believe striking the right balance between your personal and professional life is critical to life-long happiness and fulfillment. We offer flexibility in working hours and encourage you to find your own balance between your work and personal lives. Mentorship & Career Growth Our team is dedicated to supporting new members. We have a broad mix of experience levels and tenures, and we’re building an environment that celebrates knowledge sharing and mentorship. Our senior members enjoy one-on-one mentoring and thorough, but kind, code reviews. We care about your career growth and strive to assign projects based on what will help each team member develop into a better-rounded engineer and enable them to take on more complex tasks in the future. Key job responsibilities Deeply understand AR techniques for analyzing programs and other systems, and keep up with emerging ideas from the research community. Engage with our customers to develop understanding of their needs. Propose and develop solutions that leverage symbolic reasoning services and concepts from programming languages, theorem proving, formal verification and constraint solving. Implement these solutions as services and work with others to deploy them at scale across Payments and Healthcare. Author papers and present your work internally and externally. Train new teammates, mentor others, participate in recruiting and interviewing, and participate in our tactical and strategic planning. About the team Our small team of applied scientists works within a larger security group, supporting thousands of engineers who are developing Amazon's payments and healthcare services. Security is a rich area for automated reasoning. Most other approaches are quite ad-hoc and take a lot of human effort. AR can help us to reason deliberately and systematically, and the dream of provable security is incredibly compelling. We are working to make this happen at scale. We partner closely with our larger security group and with other automated reasoning teams in AWS that develop core reasoning services.
US, NY, New York
Search Thematic Ad Experience (STAX) team within Sponsored Products is looking for a leader to lead a team of talented applied scientists working on cutting-edge science to innovate on ad experiences for Amazon shoppers!. You will manage a team of scientists, engineers, and PMs to innovate new widgets on Amazon Search page to improve shopper experience using state-of-the-art NLP and computer vision models. You will be leading some industry first experiences that has the potential to revolutionize how shopping looks and feels like on Amazon, and e-commerce marketplaces in general. You will have the opportunity to design the vision on how ad experiences look on Amazon search page, and use the combination of advanced techniques and continuous experimentation to realize this vision. Your work will be core to Amazon’s advertising business. You will be a significant contributor in building the future of sponsored advertising, directly impacting the shopper experience for our hundreds of millions of shoppers worldwide, while delivering significant value for hundreds of thousands of advertisers across the purchase journey with ads on Amazon. Key job responsibilities * Be the technical leader in Machine Learning; lead efforts within the team, and collaborate and influence across the organization. * Be a critic, visionary, and execution leader. Invent and test new product ideas that are powered by science that addresses key product gaps or shopper needs. * Set, plan, and execute on a roadmap that strikes the optimal balance between short term delivery and long term exploration. You will influence what we invest in today and tomorrow. * Evangelize the team’s science innovation within the organization, company, and in key conferences (internal and external). * Be ruthless with prioritization. You will be managing a team which is highly sought after. But not all can be done. Have a deep understanding of the tradeoffs involved and be fierce in prioritizing. * Bring clarity, direction, and guidance to help teams navigate through unsolved problems with the goal to elevate the shopper experience. We work on ambiguous problems and the right approach is often unknown. You will bring your rich experience to help guide the team through these ambiguities, while working with product and engineering in crisply defining the science scope and opportunities. * Have strong product and business acumen to drive both shopper improvements and business outcomes. A day in the life * Lead a multidisciplinary team that embodies “customer obsessed science”: inventing brand new approaches to solve Amazon’s unique problems, and using those inventions in software that affects hundreds of millions of customers * Dive deep into our metrics, ongoing experiments to understand how and why they are benefitting our shoppers (or not) * Design, prototype and validate new widgets, techniques, and ideas. Take end-to-end ownership of moving from prototype to final implementation. * Be an advocate and expert for STAX science to leaders and stakeholders inside and outside advertising. About the team We are the Search thematic ads experience team within Sponsored products - a fast growing team of customer-obsessed engineers, technologists, product leaders, and scientists. We are focused on continuous exploration of contexts and creatives to drive value for both our customers and advertisers, through continuous innovation. We focus on new ads experiences globally to help shoppers make the most informed purchase decision while helping shortcut the time to discovery that shoppers are highly likely to engage with. We also harvest rich contextual and behavioral signals that are used to optimize our backend models to continually improve the shopper experience. We obsess about our customers and are continuously seeking opportunities to delight them.
US, CA, Palo Alto
Amazon is the 4th most popular site in the US. Our product search engine, one of the most heavily used services in the world, indexes billions of products and serves hundreds of millions of customers world-wide. We are working on a new initiative to transform our search engine into a shopping engine that assists customers with their shopping missions. We look at all aspects of search CX, query understanding, Ranking, Indexing and ask how we can make big step improvements by applying advanced Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. We’re seeking a thought leader to direct science initiatives for the Search Relevance and Ranking at Amazon. This person will also be a deep learning practitioner/thinker and guide the research in these three areas. They’ll also have the ability to drive cutting edge, product oriented research and should have a notable publication record. This intellectual thought leader will help enhance the science in addition to developing the thinking of our team. This leader will direct and shape the science philosophy, planning and strategy for the team, as we explore multi-modal, multi lingual search through the use of deep learning . We’re seeking an individual that can enhance the science thinking of our team: The org is made of 60+ applied scientists, (2 Principal scientists and 5 Senior ASMs). This person will lead and shape the science philosophy, planning and strategy for the team, as we push into Deep Learning to solve problems like cold start, discovery and personalization in the Search domain. Joining this team, you’ll experience the benefits of working in a dynamic, entrepreneurial environment, while leveraging the resources of Amazon [Earth's most customer-centric internet company]. We provide a highly customer-centric, team-oriented environment in our offices located in Palo Alto, California.