Matt Taddy Amazon.jpg

Business data science is a lot more than just making predictions

Matt Taddy, the chief economist for Amazon’s North America Consumer organization, talks about his recent book, and explains why economists should consider pursuing a career at the company.

Matt Taddy is the chief economist for Amazon’s North America Consumer organization. Taddy’s organization develops solutions that automate and accelerate how Amazon makes decisions that improve the customer experience across the entire breadth of Amazon’s offerings.

Taddy’s book Business Data Science (McGraw Hill; August 2019) brings together concepts from statistics, machine learning, and social science to help businesses use their data effectively. In the lead-up to January's AEA Conference, Taddy talked to us about his book, what economists and scientists do at Amazon, and why economists should consider pursuing a career at the company.

What was the reason you wrote Business Data Science?

I started writing Business Data Science ten years ago. At the time, I was teaching a class of MBA students at the University of Chicago. I realized that there was an appetite for the material covered in the book from people who weren’t specialists in statistics or machine learning. And this idea that we could teach this material to non-specialists really motivated me not to just write this book, but also to push for changing the curriculum at the University of Chicago.

When I started working in the industry, I realized that there was an even bigger market of non-specialists. However, unlike the MBA students I taught at the University of Chicago, these were more technical people like software development engineers, who wanted to add to their toolset, and get into data science. This realization that there was a bigger universe of non-specialists spurred me on, and served as the second life for the book.

The timing for the release of the book couldn’t have been more perfect. Big data and machine learning tools have come of age over the last decade to become more scalable, robust and user friendly. This presents a unique opportunity for data scientists to have an impact. It also makes it easier for non-specialists to get started in learning data science. In the past, when you couldn't simulate something on your computer, you couldn't actually see how uncertainty works. You had to derive it mathematically. And today, when you have all this data, and you have more computation, there’s an opportunity to completely rework how we teach statistics so that it is oriented around these computational tools, helping make it easier to understand what's going on.

What are the primary messages you wanted to get across in your book?

First, I wanted to convey that non-specialists can do very good data science, and that data science can be very useful to them.

I also wanted to get another important point across – making decisions based on data is not just about making predictions. It’s also about understanding why things happen. There’s something to be said for machine learning which uncovers patterns in past data, and is able to predict a future that looks like the past. However, the real value of data science is unlocked when you’re able to explain what would happen if you did something entirely different from what you’ve been doing.

Lastly, I wanted to emphasize that as the tools have matured, and machine learning becomes commoditized, the real value is not building out a faster ML algorithm or developing a slightly better classification algorithm. The biggest value-add from scientists and economists is that they can use their domain knowledge to break complicated business problems into a bunch of tasks that can be solved through algorithms.

So you’re suggesting that if a scientist or economist were to apply for a job at Amazon, she wouldn’t necessarily have to be machine learning expert?

That’s right. Science at Amazon is big tent. I run a team called economic technology. We have software development engineers, scientists, economists, and product and program managers working on my team. And not all of them have a background in machine learning. To give just one example, I don’t have a PhD in economics. I'm a mathematician, an applied mathematician and statistician by training. But my trade has become applying these tools to study economic problems, and more recently to solve business problems.

Economists at Amazon don’t have to come in knowing how to build cutting-edge machine learning algorithms. Some do, but others operate like science product managers. They are able to translate a messy business problem into a set of clear requirements for applied scientists, who in turn can work with the software engineers to build the actual product that can drive impact at scale.

In the book, you write about the difference between artificial intelligence and machine learning. Could you elaborate on the difference?

The terms ‘machine learning’ and ‘artificial intelligence’ are often used interchangeably. But there’s a distinction, and it’s an important one. Machine learning is largely restricted to predicting a future that looks like the past. In contrast, an artificial intelligence system is able to solve complex problems that have previously been reserved for humans.

AI does this by breaking the problem into a series of tasks, each of which can be attacked by a “dumb” machine learning algorithm. This essentially involves three components: a) a well-defined task structure to engineer against, b) a strategy to continue generating data so that the system can continue to learn, and c) general purpose machine learning algorithms that can make predictions against unstructured data. Developing AI systems requires you to consider each of these components and take a holistic view of the problem.

Across the board, you’ll find that economists – and scientists more generally – are making an impact in a number of ways at Amazon.
Matt Taddy, chief economist for Amazon’s North America Consumer organization

You are the chief economist for Amazon’s consumer business in North America. How is Amazon combining machine learning and economics to optimize its business and accelerate decision making?

Economists at Amazon don’t just work on problems in economics in the conventional sense. We look at problems, understand the judgments we are making, and develop products that allow us to scale our offerings across the full breadth of Amazon.

The awesome thing about working at Amazon is that there are just so many different ways that we provide value to customers. For example, we help customers find what they are looking for, we help get products to their homes faster, or we factor in brand preferences and seasonality to ensure that the right products are stocked during the holiday season. These are just a few examples. Across the board, you’ll find that economists – and scientists more generally -- are making an impact in a number of ways at Amazon.

The American Economic Association. Conference is occurring in January. If you were a part of Amazon’s recruiting team there, what’s the pitch you would make for why these economists should consider joining Amazon?

At Amazon, we treat economics seriously as a discipline. That means that you will be able to work as an economist, and use the tools that you’ve learned in your PhD. But you will use these tools to do work that has a massive impact from day one.

When you come to Amazon, you’re going to learn what it is to be customer-obsessed and learn how to run a business. Because at Amazon, we are all owners. What this means is that you’ll own what you’re working on end-to-end, as opposed to consulting on a particular piece of the business.

Lastly, Amazon will give you the opportunity to think big like few other places. If you look at our track record, we’re going into places where we’re disrupting things massively. And when you're being asked to be a catalyst for change, or disruptor, the obvious path forward is not going to be laid out in front of you. So you need a big enough vision so you can actually invent your way out of the problems you’re facing. That makes coming to work every day incredibly fulfilling, and it’s why I would advise any economist to come and work at Amazon.

Research areas

Related content

US, WA, Seattle
The People eXperience and Technology (PXT) Central Science Team uses economics, behavioral science, statistics, and machine learning to proactively identify mechanisms, process improvements and products, which simultaneously improve Amazon and the lives, wellbeing, and the value of work of Amazonians. We are an interdisciplinary team which combines the talents of science and engineering to develop and deliver solutions that measurably achieve this goal. We invest in innovation and rapid prototyping of scientific models, AI/ML technologies and software solutions to accelerate informed, accurate, and reliable decision backed by science and data. As a research scientist you will you will design and carry out surveys to address business questions; analyze survey and other forms of data with regression models; perform weighting and multiple imputation to reduce bias due to nonresponse. You will conduct methodological and statistical research to understand the quality of survey data. You will work with economists, engineers, and computer scientists to select samples, draft and test survey questions, calculate nonresponse adjusted weights, and estimate regression models on large scale data. You will evaluate, diagnose, understand, and surface drivers and moderators for key research streams, including (but are not limited to) attrition, engagement, productivity, inclusion, and Amazon culture. Key job responsibilities Help to design and execute a scalable global content development and validation strategy to drive more effective decisions and improve the employee experience across all of Amazon Conduct psychometric and econometric analyses to evaluate integrity and practical application of survey questions and data Identify and execute research streams to evaluate how to mitigate or remove sources of measurement error Partner closely and drive effective collaborations across multi-disciplinary research and product teams Manage full life cycle of large-scale research programs (Develop strategy, gather requirements, manage and execute)
US, WA, Seattle
The Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) team is looking for a passionate, talented, and inventive Applied Scientist with a strong deep learning background, to build industry-leading Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) technology with Large Language Models (LLMs) and multimodal systems. Key job responsibilities - Leverage Amazon’s heterogeneous data sources and large-scale computing resources to accelerate advances in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI). - Work with talented peers to lead the development of novel algorithms and modeling techniques to advance the state of the art with LLMs. - Collaborate with other science and engineering teams as well as business stakeholders to maximize the velocity and impact of your contributions. About the team It's an exciting time to be a leader in AI research. In Amazon's AGI Information team, you can make your mark by improving information-driven experiences of Amazon customers worldwide. Your work will directly impact our customers in the form of products and services that make use of language and multimodal technology!
US, WA, Seattle
Are you excited about developing foundation models to revolutionize automation, robotics and computer vision? Are you looking for opportunities to build and deploy them on real problems at truly vast scale? At Amazon Fulfillment Technologies and Robotics we are on a mission to build high-performance autonomous systems that perceive and act to further improve our world-class customer experience - at Amazon scale. We are looking for collaborative scientists, engineers and program managers for a variety of roles. The Amazon Robotics software team is seeking an experienced and senior Applied Scientist to focus on computer vision machine learning models. This includes building multi-viewpoint and time-series computer vision systems. It includes building large-scale models using data from many different tasks and scenes. This work spans from basic research such as cross domain training, to experimenting on prototype in the lab, to running wide-scale A/B tests on robots in our facilities. Key job responsibilities * Research vision - Where should we be focusing our efforts * Research delivery – Proving/dis-proving strategies in offline data or in the lab * Production studies - Insights from production data or ad-hoc experimentation. A day in the life Amazon offers a full range of benefits that support you and eligible family members, including domestic partners and their children. Benefits can vary by location, the number of regularly scheduled hours you work, length of employment, and job status such as seasonal or temporary employment. The benefits that generally apply to regular, full-time employees include: 1. Medical, Dental, and Vision Coverage 2. Maternity and Parental Leave Options 3. Paid Time Off (PTO) 4. 401(k) Plan If you are not sure that every qualification on the list above describes you exactly, we'd still love to hear from you! At Amazon, we value people with unique backgrounds, experiences, and skillsets. If you’re passionate about this role and want to make an impact on a global scale, please apply!
US, CA, East Palo Alto
The Customer Engagement Technology team leads AI/LLM-driven customer experience transformation using task-oriented dialogue systems. We develop multi-modal, multi-turn, goal-oriented dialog systems that can handle customer issues at Amazon scale across multiple languages. These systems are designed to adapt to changing company policies and invoke correct APIs to automate solutions to customer problems. Additionally, we enhance associate productivity through response/action recommendation, summarization to capture conversation context succinctly, retrieving precise information from documents to provide useful information to the agent, and machine translation to facilitate smoother conversations when the customer and agent speak different languages. Key job responsibilities Research and development of LLM-based chatbots and conversational AI systems for customer service applications. Design and implement state-of-the-art NLP and ML models for tasks such as language understanding, dialogue management, and response generation. Collaborate with cross-functional teams, including data scientists, software engineers, and product managers, to integrate LLM-based solutions into Amazon's customer service platforms. 4. Develop and implement strategies for data collection, annotation, and model training to ensure high-quality and robust performance of the chatbots. Conduct experiments and evaluations to measure the performance of the developed models and systems, and identify areas for improvement. Stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in NLP, LLMs, and conversational AI, and explore opportunities to incorporate new techniques and technologies into Amazon's customer service solutions. Collaborate with internal and external research communities, participate in conferences and publications, and contribute to the advancement of the field. A day in the life Amazon offers a full range of benefits that support you and eligible family members, including domestic partners and their children. Benefits can vary by location, the number of regularly scheduled hours you work, length of employment, and job status such as seasonal or temporary employment. The benefits that generally apply to regular, full-time employees include: 1. Medical, Dental, and Vision Coverage 2. Maternity and Parental Leave Options 3. Paid Time Off (PTO) 4. 401(k) Plan If you are not sure that every qualification on the list above describes you exactly, we'd still love to hear from you! At Amazon, we value people with unique backgrounds, experiences, and skillsets. If you’re passionate about this role and want to make an impact on a global scale, please apply!
US, MA, Boston
The Amazon Dash Cart team is seeking a highly motivated Research Scientist (Level 5) to join our team that is focused on building new technologies for grocery stores. We are a team of scientists invent new algorithms (especially artificial intelligence, computer vision and sensor fusion) to improve customer experiences in grocery shopping. The Amazon Dash Cart is a smart shopping cart that uses sensors to keep track of what a shopper has added. Once done, they can bypass the checkout lane and just walk out. The cart comes with convenience features like a store map, a basket that can weigh produce, and product recommendations. Amazon Dash Cart’s are available at Amazon Fresh, Whole Foods. Learn more about the Dash Cart at https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=21289116011. Key job responsibilities As a research scientist, you will help solve a variety of technical challenges and mentor other engineers. You will play an active role in translating business and functional requirements into concrete deliverables and build quick prototypes or proofs of concept in partnership with other technology leaders within the team. You will tackle challenging, novel situations every day and given the size of this initiative, you’ll have the opportunity to work with multiple technical teams at Amazon in different locations. You should be comfortable with a degree of ambiguity that’s higher than most projects and relish the idea of solving problems that, frankly, haven’t been solved before - anywhere. Along the way, we guarantee that you’ll learn a ton, have fun and make a positive impact on millions of people. About the team Amazon Dash cart allows shoppers to checkout without lines — you just place the items in the cart and the cart will take care of the rest. When you’re done shopping, you leave the store through a designated dash lane. We charge the payment method in your Amazon account as you walk through the dash lane and send you a receipt. Check it out at https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=21289116011. Designed and custom-built by Amazonians, our Dash cart uses a variety of technologies including computer vision, sensor fusion, and advanced machine learning.
US, WA, Seattle
The Customer Engagement Technology team leads AI/LLM-driven customer experience transformation using task-oriented dialogue systems. We develop multi-modal, multi-turn, goal-oriented dialog systems that can handle customer issues at Amazon scale across multiple languages. These systems are designed to adapt to changing company policies and invoke correct APIs to automate solutions to customer problems. Additionally, we enhance associate productivity through response/action recommendation, summarization to capture conversation context succinctly, retrieving precise information from documents to provide useful information to the agent, and machine translation to facilitate smoother conversations when the customer and agent speak different languages. Key job responsibilities Research and development of LLM-based chatbots and conversational AI systems for customer service applications. Design and implement state-of-the-art NLP and ML models for tasks such as language understanding, dialogue management, and response generation. Collaborate with cross-functional teams, including data scientists, software engineers, and product managers, to integrate LLM-based solutions into Amazon's customer service platforms. Develop and implement strategies for data collection, annotation, and model training to ensure high-quality and robust performance of the chatbots. Conduct experiments and evaluations to measure the performance of the developed models and systems, and identify areas for improvement. Stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in NLP, LLMs, and conversational AI, and explore opportunities to incorporate new techniques and technologies into Amazon's customer service solutions. Collaborate with internal and external research communities, participate in conferences and publications, and contribute to the advancement of the field. A day in the life We thrive on solving challenging problems to innovate for our customers. By pushing the boundaries of technology, we create unparalleled experiences that enable us to rapidly adapt in a dynamic environment. Our decisions are guided by data, and we collaborate with engineering, science, and product teams to foster an innovative learning environment. If you are not sure that every qualification on the list above describes you exactly, we'd still love to hear from you! At Amazon, we value people with unique backgrounds, experiences, and skillsets. If you’re passionate about this role and want to make an impact on a global scale, please apply! Benefits Summary: Amazon offers a full range of benefits that support you and eligible family members, including domestic partners and their children. Benefits can vary by location, the number of regularly scheduled hours you work, length of employment, and job status such as seasonal or temporary employment. The benefits that generally apply to regular, full-time employees include: 1. Medical, Dental, and Vision Coverage 2. Maternity and Parental Leave Options 3. Paid Time Off (PTO) 4. 401(k) Plan About the team Join our team of scientists and engineers who develop and deploy LLM-based Conversational AI systems to enhance Amazon's customer service experience and effectiveness. We work on innovative solutions that help customers solve their issues and get their questions answered efficiently, and associate-facing products that support our customer service associate workforce.
US, CA, San Francisco
If you are interested in this position, please apply on Twitch's Career site https://www.twitch.tv/jobs/en/ About Us: Twitch is the world’s biggest live streaming service, with global communities built around gaming, entertainment, music, sports, cooking, and more. It is where thousands of communities come together for whatever, every day. We’re about community, inside and out. You’ll find coworkers who are eager to team up, collaborate, and smash (or elegantly solve) problems together. We’re on a quest to empower live communities, so if this sounds good to you, see what we’re up to on LinkedIn and X, and discover the projects we’re solving on our Blog. Be sure to explore our Interviewing Guide to learn how to ace our interview process. About the Role Data is critical to the algorithms that power the recommendation, search, and ranking systems. It's also critical to making decisions, especially working on systems that are themselves data-driven. As a Senior Data Scientist on the CDML team, you'll be responsible for helping drive improvements to the machine learning systems as well as analytics to drive decision-making. While there is a team of Applied Scientists building and shipping the algorithms themselves, data science can help improve these systems directly. In this role, you can identify and build new signals to input into the models. We're also working on the value model that the algorithm optimizes, and your input will be critical to understanding the tradeoffs and balancing multiple objectives in a scientific way. We also still have big unanswered analytics questions to solve. How often do viewers just want to get to the content they already know they want to watch, and when are they open to exploring new channels? These are the sorts of questions you'll be tackling. You Will - Inform product strategies by defining and updating core metrics for each initiative - Estimate the opportunity sizing of new features the team could take on - Identify and build new signals to incorporate into the algorithms driving recommendations, search, and feed ranking at Twitch - Identify metric tradeoff ratios that help inform value model choices, long-term impact from early-growth-funnel users, and other product decisions - Establish analytical framework for your team: ad-hoc analysis, automated dashboards, and self-service reporting tools to surface key data to stakeholders - Design A/B experiments to drive product direction with iterative innovation and measurement - Work hand-in-hand with business, product, engineering, and design to proactively influence and inform teammates' decisions throughout the product life cycle - Distill ambiguous product or business questions, find clever ways to answer them, and to quantify the uncertainty Perks - Medical, Dental, Vision & Disability Insurance - 401(k) - Maternity & Parental Leave - Flexible PTO - Amazon Employee Discount
US, WA, Seattle
Join the next revolution in robotics at Amazon's Frontier AI & Robotics team, where you'll work alongside world-renowned AI pioneers like Pieter Abbeel, Rocky Duan, and Peter Chen to push the boundaries of what's possible in robotic intelligence. As an Applied Scientist, you'll be at the forefront of developing breakthrough foundation models that enable robots to perceive, understand, and interact with the world in unprecedented ways. You'll drive independent research initiatives in areas such as perception, manipulation, scence understanding, sim2real transfer, multi-modal foundation models, and multi-task learning, designing novel algorithms that bridge the gap between cutting-edge research and real-world deployment at Amazon scale. In this role, you'll balance innovative technical exploration with practical implementation, collaborating with platform teams to ensure your models and algorithms perform robustly in dynamic real-world environments. You'll have access to Amazon's vast computational resources, enabling you to tackle ambitious problems in areas like very large multi-modal robotic foundation models and efficient, promptable model architectures that can scale across diverse robotic applications. Key job responsibilities - Design and implement novel deep learning architectures that push the boundaries of what robots can understand and accomplish - Drive independent research initiatives in robotics foundation models, focusing on breakthrough approaches in perception, and manipulation, for example open-vocabulary panoptic scene understanding, scaling up multi-modal LLMs, sim2real/real2sim techniques, end-to-end vision-language-action models, efficient model inference, video tokenization - Lead technical projects from conceptualization through deployment, ensuring robust performance in production environments - Collaborate with platform teams to optimize and scale models for real-world applications - Contribute to the team's technical strategy and help shape our approach to next-generation robotics challenges A day in the life - Design and implement novel foundation model architectures, leveraging our extensive compute infrastructure to train and evaluate at scale - Collaborate with our world-class research team to solve complex technical challenges - Lead technical initiatives from conception to deployment, working closely with robotics engineers to integrate your solutions into production systems - Participate in technical discussions and brainstorming sessions with team leaders and fellow scientists - Leverage our massive compute cluster and extensive robotics infrastructure to rapidly prototype and validate new ideas - Transform theoretical insights into practical solutions that can handle the complexities of real-world robotics applications Amazon offers a full range of benefits that support you and eligible family members, including domestic partners and their children. Benefits can vary by location, the number of regularly scheduled hours you work, length of employment, and job status such as seasonal or temporary employment. The benefits that generally apply to regular, full-time employees include: 1. Medical, Dental, and Vision Coverage 2. Maternity and Parental Leave Options 3. Paid Time Off (PTO) 4. 401(k) Plan If you are not sure that every qualification on the list above describes you exactly, we'd still love to hear from you! At Amazon, we value people with unique backgrounds, experiences, and skillsets. If you’re passionate about this role and want to make an impact on a global scale, please apply! About the team At Frontier AI & Robotics, we're not just advancing robotics – we're reimagining it from the ground up. Our team, led by pioneering AI researchers Pieter Abbeel, Rocky Duan, and Peter Chen, is building the future of intelligent robotics through groundbreaking foundation models and end-to-end learned systems. We tackle some of the most challenging problems in AI and robotics, from developing sophisticated perception systems to creating adaptive manipulation strategies that work in complex, real-world scenarios. What sets us apart is our unique combination of ambitious research vision and practical impact. We leverage Amazon's massive computational infrastructure and rich real-world datasets to train and deploy state-of-the-art foundation models. Our work spans the full spectrum of robotics intelligence – from multimodal perception using images, videos, and sensor data, to sophisticated manipulation strategies that can handle diverse real-world scenarios. We're building systems that don't just work in the lab, but scale to meet the demands of Amazon's global operations. Join us if you're excited about pushing the boundaries of what's possible in robotics, working with world-class researchers, and seeing your innovations deployed at unprecedented scale.
US, WA, Seattle
Are you seeking an environment where you can drive innovation? WW Amazon Stores Finance Science (ASFS) works to leverage science and economics to drive improved financial results, foster data backed decisions, and embed science within Finance. ASFS is focused on developing products that empower controllership, improve financial planning by understanding financial drivers, and innovate science capabilities for efficiency and scale. Our team owns sophisticated science capabilities for forecasting the WW Amazon Stores P&L, focusing on costs and the bottomline (profitability). We are looking for an outstanding Senior economist to lead new high visibility initiatives for forecasting the WW Amazon Stores P&L (focusing on costs and the bottomline). The forecasting models will be used to enable better financial planning and decision making for senior leadership up to VP level. You will build new econometric models from the ground up. The role will develop new driver based forecasting models for Retail related P&L lines that incorporate business drivers. The Sr Economist will also help generate new insights on how macroeconomic factors impact the P&L. This role will have very high visibility with senior leadership up to VP level. We prize creative problem solvers with the ability to draw on an expansive methodological toolkit to transform financial planning and decision-making through economics. The ideal candidate combines econometric acumen with strong business judgment. You have versatile modeling skills and are comfortable owning and extracting insights from data. You are excited to learn from and alongside seasoned scientists, engineers, economists, and business leaders. You are an excellent communicator and effectively translate technical findings into business action.
US, CA, East Palo Alto
The Customer Engagement Technology team leads AI/LLM-driven customer experience transformation using task-oriented dialogue systems. We develop multi-modal, multi-turn, goal-oriented dialog systems that can handle customer issues at Amazon scale across multiple languages. These systems are designed to adapt to changing company policies and invoke correct APIs to automate solutions to customer problems. Additionally, we enhance associate productivity through response/action recommendation, summarization to capture conversation context succinctly, retrieving precise information from documents to provide useful information to the agent, and machine translation to facilitate smoother conversations when the customer and agent speak different languages. Key focus areas include: 1. Task-Oriented Dialog Systems: Building reliable, scalable, and adaptive LLM-based agents for understanding intents, determining eligibilities, making API calls, confirming outcomes, and exploring alternatives across hundreds of customer service intents, while adapting to changing policies. 2. Lifelong Learning: Researching continuous learning approaches for injecting new domain knowledge while retaining the model's foundational abilities and prevent catastrophic forgetting. 3. Agentic Systems: Developing a modular agentic framework to handle multi domain conversations through appropriate system abstractions. 4. Complex Multi-turn Instruction Following: Identifying approaches to guarantee compliance with instructions that specify standard operating procedures for handling multi-turn complex scenarios. 5. Inference-Time Adaptability: Researching inference-time scaling methods and improving in-context learning abilities of custom models to enable real-time adaptability to new features, actions, or bug fixes without solely relying on retraining. 6. Context Adherence: Exploring methods to ground responses in specific customer attributes, account information, and behavioral data to prevent hallucinations and ensure high-fidelity responses. 7. Policy Grounding: Investigating techniques to align bot behavior with evolving company policies by grounding on complex, unstructured policy documents, ensuring consistent and compliant actions. 1. End to End Dialog Policy Optimization: Researching alignment approaches to optimize successful dialog completions. 2. Scalable Evaluations: Developing automated approaches to evaluate quality of experience, and correctness of agentic resolutions Key job responsibilities 1. Research and development of LLM-based chatbots and conversational AI systems for customer service applications. 2. Design and implement state-of-the-art NLP and ML models for tasks such as language understanding, dialogue management, and response generation. 3. Collaborate with cross-functional teams, including data scientists, software engineers, and product managers, to integrate LLM-based solutions into Amazon's customer service platforms. 4. Develop and implement strategies for data collection, annotation, and model training to ensure high-quality and robust performance of the chatbots. 5. Conduct experiments and evaluations to measure the performance of the developed models and systems, and identify areas for improvement. 6. Stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in NLP, LLMs, and conversational AI, and explore opportunities to incorporate new techniques and technologies into Amazon's customer service solutions. 7. Collaborate with internal and external research communities, participate in conferences and publications, and contribute to the advancement of the field.