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Power optimization for sustainable smart speakers: Echo Pop case study

By Riccha Tripati, Dibyendu Nandy, Marco Pulido, Joey Escobar, Jeongwoo Han
2026
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In this paper, we present a comprehensive system-level approach to advancing device sustainability through power optimization for smart home devices, with a detailed case study of Amazon's Echo Pop. Through Lifecycle Assessment (LCA), we identified that Echo Pop generates an estimated 42 kg CO2e over its product lifetime, with 24 kg CO2e (57%) attributed to use-phase emissions, highlighting the critical importance of idle power optimization for decarbonization efforts. We implemented a novel system architecture for energy efficiency that leverages CPU Suspend-to-RAM states and Wi-Fi power save modes. We minimize energy consumption during device inactivity and via coordinating various system services to maintain seamless user experience. The system intelligently transitions between power states using a low power Digital Signal Processing (DSP) core for monitoring ambient audio, while duty-cycling background connectivity tasks. We validated the effectiveness of our multi-domain power management approach across SoC, Wi-Fi, and system-level components, through comprehensive power rail analysis using high-resolution measurement methodologies in a lab setting. Results demonstrate substantial power reduction achievements, with Echo Pop achieving approximately 1.1W standby power consumption—a 49% improvement over previous generation devices that drew over 1.5W. Ground truth validation through in-field telemetry data confirms our lab projection models, with a daily average energy consumption of 28.21Wh closely matching the in-field empirical measurements of 28.07 Wh. This work establishes a validated framework for sustainable smart device design that balances environmental impact reduction with maintained functionality and user experience.
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