Eugene Yan
Eugene Yan is an applied scientist at Amazon, but he’s also known for his personal site where he covers topics like machine learning systems, data science methodology, dealing with imposter syndrome, and building data science teams.
Courtesy of Eugene Yan

Eugene Yan and the art of writing about science

Why the Amazon applied scientist takes the time to break down his work for readers.  

Eugene Yan’s career path has taken some unusual turns, but his motivation has always been the same: understanding people so he can help them. A policy analyst turned data scientist, Yan is now an applied scientist at Amazon using customer-behavior data to help recommend the best products. In the world of machine learning, however, he’s best known for the way he writes it all down. On his personal site, Yan covers a range of professional and technical topics like machine learning systems, data science methodology, dealing with imposter syndrome, and building data science teams.

Eugene Yan started eugeneyan.com in 2020, focusing on general machine learning and career content. Initially it was for personal development, but then people started reading, and now writing posts takes up the majority of his leisure time.

He started the site for personal development, but then people started reading, his network started expanding, and now writing posts takes up the majority of his leisure time. “It snowballed,” he said. “Writing helps me learn better. And when I share it online, it attracts like-minded readers and helps me make new friends. ”

Born in Singapore, Yan studied psychology at Singapore Management University. “I was curious about people, how they perceive and how they behave,” he said. His college research focused on how competition affects people differently — motivating some and intimidating others. After college, he joined the Singapore government as a policy analyst sifting through legal cases and trade agreements. But it wasn’t long before he began to miss crunching numbers and following the data on human behavior. “I began to envy my colleagues in commodities who relied on numbers and worked with spreadsheets,” Yan said.

He decided to try and make the switch to a data science position based on some familiarity with the subject from his undergraduate research days. He landed a position at IBM in 2013, and from there he moved to data science roles at Lazada, a Southeast Asian e-commerce site, and then UCARE.AI, a healthcare startup.

A desire to help

“In every change in my career, what drives me is helping people,” Yan noted.

At IBM, it was helping people find new roles. At Lazada, it involved helping people find products they need. At UCARE.AI, it entailed predicting chronic diseases and preventing high insurance payouts. “This brings me way more satisfaction than dollars and cents,” he explained.

While at Lazada, Yan decided he needed more training in the fundamentals and pursued a master’s in computer science from the Georgia Institute of Technology. He graduated in 2019, and then he and his wife began considering a move overseas. He applied for a position at Amazon, drawn to the company’s leadership principles and the ability to help customers read more. He relocated to Seattle to join Amazon in 2020.

While Amazon has several ways to help readers find books, from Amazon Book Review to Amazon Charts, Yan is part of a team developing the recommendation systems that power the widgets behind the Amazon Store’s personalized book suggestions. “Customers tell us what they like based on what they do,” he explained. “They browse for a specific book, a genre or a topic.” His team uses those signals to help surface additional books a reader might like. Ultimately, Yan and his team want to make reading easier.

Writing it all down

Early in his transition to data science, Yan started interviewing mentors for advice, some of whom were “rock star data scientists.” He asked what skills he should cultivate to be successful. The one skill a majority of mentors suggested was communication. The people he spoke with emphasized how communication becomes more and more important as you rise in the ranks. “I was like, ‘Are you kidding me?’ But more and more mentors said the same thing,” he recalls. “I thought, ‘This can’t be right, but I'm just going to try it.’”

Yan started practicing his writing, first publishing to a WordPress site. He wrote dozens of posts unnoticed, but then in 2020 created eugeneyan.com and started writing more general machine learning and career content. His writing began to gain an audience. Posts like “Unpopular opinion — Data scientists should be more end-to-end” received more than 500 likes on Twitter. One post on note-taking received 35,000 unique views in a single day. Feedback and praise began to pour in, and his “practice” website swelled into something much bigger.

For a brief period, Yan tried to sustain this level of social engagement. He wrote to please a mass audience and get clicks. “That quickly became unfulfilling,” he said. Now he focuses his writing on topics he wants to learn and aims for an audience of people he’d hope to be friends or colleagues with. “I might have fewer readers now since I’m choosing more technical topics, but these readers comment, disagree, and email me. Each comment and real relationship are worth more than 10,000 likes,” he said.

The many benefits of good writing

Yan's decision to become a better communicator and writer is especially valuable at Amazon. “The writing culture is rigorous at Amazon,” he said.

Amazon’s working backward method starts with an individual or team imagining the product or service is ready to launch. The individual or team’s first step is to draft a press release announcing the product’s availability, and explaining its significance. Moreover, meetings often start with participants reading a six-page document about the meeting’s topic before discussion begins.

Finding your voice and niche doesn’t happen overnight — you have to write and share your work. So just start somewhere, anywhere, and keep writing.
Eugene Yan

“I write as many documents as I code,” Yan said. Recently he received feedback that one of his design documents was easy to understand and clearly laid out everything the reader needed to know. In this way, his writing skills complement his design and machine learning skills. He also started a new site, Applying ML, which includes interviews with machine learning practitioners.

Yan is often asked by aspiring writers for advice on how they can improve their skills. The number one piece of direction he offers is to write for yourself — what do you want to learn and clarify your thinking on? — rather than social engagement. The second piece of advice: “just write.” The best way to figure out your niche and your audience is to simply put fingers to keyboard and start practicing, he said. Maybe after a dozen — or a few dozen — pieces you find your voice, what you want to write about, or what resonates best with the people reading along.

“If you never start writing, how will you know? Just like Blue Origin’s motto ‘Gradatim Ferociter’, which means ‘Step by step, ferociously’. Finding your voice and niche doesn’t happen overnight — you have to write and share your work,” he said. “So just start somewhere, anywhere, and keep writing.”

Research areas

Related content

US, VA, Arlington
As a Survey Research Scientist within the Reputation Marketing & Insights team, your primary responsibility will be to help manage our employee communications research program, including a global tracking survey. The work will challenge you to be resourceful, think big while staying connected to the details, translate survey, focus group results, and advanced analytics into strategic direction, and embrace a high degree of change and ambiguity at speed. The scope and scale of what we strive to achieve is immense, but it is also meaningful and energizing. This is an individual contributor role. The right candidate possesses endless curiosity and passion for understanding employee perceptions and what drives them. You have end-to-end experience conducting qualitative research, robust large-scale surveys, campaign measurement, as well as advanced modeling skills to uncover perception drivers. You have proficiency in diving deep into large amounts of data and translating research into actionable insights/recommendations for internal communicators. You are an excellent writer who can effectively communicate data-driven insights and recommendations through written documents, presentations, and other internal communication channels. You are a creative problem-solver who seeks to deeply understand the business/communications so you can tailor research that informs stakeholder decision making and strategic messaging tactics. Key job responsibilities - Design and manage the execution of a global tracking survey focused on employee communications - Develop research to identify and test messages to drive employee perceptions - Use advanced statistical methodologies to better understand the relationship between key internal communications metrics and other related measures of perception (e.g., regression, structural equation modeling, latent growth curve modeling, Shapley analysis, etc.) - Develop causal and semi-causal measurement techniques to evaluate the perception impact of internal communications campaigns - Identify opportunities to simplify existing research processes and operate more nimbly - Engage in strategic discussions with internal partner teams to ensure our research generates actionable and on-point findings About the team This team sits within the CCR organization. Our focus is on conducting research that identifies messaging opportunities and informs communication strategies for Amazon as a brand.
US, CA, Santa Clara
Want to work on frontier, world class, AI-powered experiences for health customers and health providers? The Health Science & Analytics group in Amazon's Health Store & Technology organization is looking for a Senior Manager of Applied Science to lead a group of applied scientists and engineers to work hand in hand with physicians to build the future of AI-powered healthcare experiences. We have an ambitious roadmap which includes scaling recently launched products which are already delighting products and the opportunity to build disruptive, new experiences. This role will be responsible for leading the science and technology teams driving these key innovations on behalf of our customers. Key job responsibilities - Independently manage a team of scientists and engineers to sustainably deliver science driven products. - Define the vision and long-term technical roadmap to achieve multi-year business objectives. - Maintain and raise the science bar of the team’s deliverables and keep the broader Amazon Health Services organization apprised of the latest relevant technical developments in the field. - Work across business, clinical, and technical leaders to disambiguate product requirements and socialize progress towards key goals and deliverables. - Proactively identify risks and shape the technical roadmap in anticipation of industry trends in emerging AI subfields.
US, NY, New York
The Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) team is looking for a passionate, talented, and inventive Senior Applied Scientist to work on pre-training methodologies for Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) models. You will interact closely with our customers and with the academic and research communities. Key job responsibilities Join us to work as an integral part of a team that has experience with GenAI models in this space. We work on these areas: - Scaling laws - Hardware-informed efficient model architecture, low-precision training - Optimization methods, learning objectives, curriculum design - Deep learning theories on efficient hyperparameter search and self-supervised learning - Learning objectives and reinforcement learning methods - Distributed training methods and solutions - AI-assisted research About the team The AGI team has a mission to push the envelope in GenAI with Large Language Models (LLMs) and multimodal systems, in order to provide the best-possible experience for our customers.
US, WA, Seattle
Prime Video is a first-stop entertainment destination offering customers a vast collection of premium programming in one app available across thousands of devices. Prime members can customize their viewing experience and find their favorite movies, series, documentaries, and live sports – including Amazon MGM Studios-produced series and movies; licensed fan favorites; and programming from Prime Video add-on subscriptions such as Apple TV+, Max, Crunchyroll and MGM+. All customers, regardless of whether they have a Prime membership or not, can rent or buy titles via the Prime Video Store, and can enjoy even more content for free with ads. Are you interested in shaping the future of entertainment? Prime Video's technology teams are creating best-in-class digital video experience. As a Prime Video technologist, you’ll have end-to-end ownership of the product, user experience, design, and technology required to deliver state-of-the-art experiences for our customers. You’ll get to work on projects that are fast-paced, challenging, and varied. You’ll also be able to experiment with new possibilities, take risks, and collaborate with remarkable people. We’ll look for you to bring your diverse perspectives, ideas, and skill-sets to make Prime Video even better for our customers. With global opportunities for talented technologists, you can decide where a career Prime Video Tech takes you! Key job responsibilities - Develop ML models for various recommendation & search systems using deep learning, online learning, and optimization methods - Work closely with other scientists, engineers and product managers to expand the depth of our product insights with data, create a variety of experiments to determine the high impact projects to include in planning roadmaps - Stay up-to-date with advancements and the latest modeling techniques in the field - Publish your research findings in top conferences and journals A day in the life We're using advanced approaches such as foundation models to connect information about our videos and customers from a variety of information sources, acquiring and processing data sets on a scale that only a few companies in the world can match. This will enable us to recommend titles effectively, even when we don't have a large behavioral signal (to tackle the cold-start title problem). It will also allow us to find our customer's niche interests, helping them discover groups of titles that they didn't even know existed. We are looking for creative & customer obsessed machine learning scientists who can apply the latest research, state of the art algorithms and ML to build highly scalable page personalization solutions. You'll be a research leader in the space and a hands-on ML practitioner, guiding and collaborating with talented teams of engineers and scientists and senior leaders in the Prime Video organization. You will also have the opportunity to publish your research at internal and external conferences.
US, CA, San Francisco
If you are interested in this position, please apply on Twitch's Career site https://www.twitch.tv/jobs/en/ About Us: Twitch is the world’s biggest live streaming service, with global communities built around gaming, entertainment, music, sports, cooking, and more. It is where thousands of communities come together for whatever, every day. We’re about community, inside and out. You’ll find coworkers who are eager to team up, collaborate, and smash (or elegantly solve) problems together. We’re on a quest to empower live communities, so if this sounds good to you, see what we’re up to on LinkedIn and X, and discover the projects we’re solving on our Blog. Be sure to explore our Interviewing Guide to learn how to ace our interview process. You can work in San Francisco, CA or Seattle, WA. Perks - Medical, Dental, Vision & Disability Insurance - 401(k) - Maternity & Parental Leave - Flexible PTO - Amazon Employee Discount
IN, KA, Bengaluru
AWS Infrastructure Services owns the design, planning, delivery, and operation of all AWS global infrastructure. In other words, we’re the people who keep the cloud running. We support all AWS data centers and all of the servers, storage, networking, power, and cooling equipment that ensure our customers have continual access to the innovation they rely on. We work on the most challenging problems, with thousands of variables impacting the supply chain — and we’re looking for talented people who want to help. You’ll join a diverse team of software, hardware, and network engineers, supply chain specialists, security experts, operations managers, and other vital roles. You’ll collaborate with people across AWS to help us deliver the highest standards for safety and security while providing seemingly infinite capacity at the lowest possible cost for our customers. And you’ll experience an inclusive culture that welcomes bold ideas and empowers you to own them to completion. Do you love problem solving? Are you looking for real world Supply Chain challenges? Do you have a desire to make a major contribution to the future, in the rapid growth environment of Cloud Computing? Amazon Web Services is looking for a highly motivated, Data Scientist to help build scalable, predictive and prescriptive business analytics solutions that supports AWS Supply Chain and Procurement organization. You will be part of the Supply Chain Analytics team working with Global Stakeholders, Data Engineers, Business Intelligence Engineers and Business Analysts to achieve our goals. We are seeking an innovative and technically strong data scientist with a background in optimization, machine learning, and statistical modeling/analysis. This role requires a team member to have strong quantitative modeling skills and the ability to apply optimization/statistical/machine learning methods to complex decision-making problems, with data coming from various data sources. The candidate should have strong communication skills, be able to work closely with stakeholders and translate data-driven findings into actionable insights. The successful candidate will be a self-starter, comfortable with ambiguity, with strong attention to detail and ability to work in a fast-paced and ever-changing environment. Key job responsibilities 1. Demonstrate thorough technical knowledge on feature engineering of massive datasets, effective exploratory data analysis, and model building using industry standard time Series Forecasting techniques like ARIMA, ARIMAX, Holt Winter and formulate ensemble model. 2. Proficiency in both Supervised(Linear/Logistic Regression) and UnSupervised algorithms(k means clustering, Principle Component Analysis, Market Basket analysis). 3. Experience in solving optimization problems like inventory and network optimization . Should have hands on experience in Linear Programming. 4. Work closely with internal stakeholders like the business teams, engineering teams and partner teams and align them with respect to your focus area 5. Detail-oriented and must have an aptitude for solving unstructured problems. You should work in a self-directed environment, own tasks and drive them to completion. 6. Excellent business and communication skills to be able to work with business owners to develop and define key business questions and to build data sets that answer those questions 7. Work with distributed machine learning and statistical algorithms to harness enormous volumes of data at scale to serve our customers About the team Diverse Experiences Amazon values diverse experiences. Even if you do not meet all of the preferred qualifications and skills listed in the job description, we encourage candidates to apply. If your career is just starting, hasn’t followed a traditional path, or includes alternative experiences, don’t let it stop you from applying. Why AWS Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform. We pioneered cloud computing and never stopped innovating — that’s why customers from the most successful startups to Global 500 companies trust our robust suite of products and services to power their businesses. Work/Life Balance We value work-life harmony. Achieving success at work should never come at the expense of sacrifices at home, which is why we strive for flexibility as part of our working culture. When we feel supported in the workplace and at home, there’s nothing we can’t achieve. Inclusive Team Culture AWS values curiosity and connection. Our employee-led and company-sponsored affinity groups promote inclusion and empower our people to take pride in what makes us unique. Our inclusion events foster stronger, more collaborative teams. Our continual innovation is fueled by the bold ideas, fresh perspectives, and passionate voices our teams bring to everything we do. Mentorship and Career Growth We’re continuously raising our performance bar as we strive to become Earth’s Best Employer. That’s why you’ll find endless knowledge-sharing, mentorship and other career-advancing resources here to help you develop into a better-rounded professional.
US, NY, New York
Prime Video is a first-stop entertainment destination offering customers a vast collection of premium programming in one app available across thousands of devices. Prime members can customize their viewing experience and find their favorite movies, series, documentaries, and live sports – including Amazon MGM Studios-produced series and movies; licensed fan favorites; and programming from Prime Video add-on subscriptions such as Apple TV+, Max, Crunchyroll and MGM+. All customers, regardless of whether they have a Prime membership or not, can rent or buy titles via the Prime Video Store, and can enjoy even more content for free with ads. Are you interested in shaping the future of entertainment? Prime Video's technology teams are creating best-in-class digital video experience. As a Prime Video technologist, you’ll have end-to-end ownership of the product, user experience, design, and technology required to deliver state-of-the-art experiences for our customers. You’ll get to work on projects that are fast-paced, challenging, and varied. You’ll also be able to experiment with new possibilities, take risks, and collaborate with remarkable people. We’ll look for you to bring your diverse perspectives, ideas, and skill-sets to make Prime Video even better for our customers. With global opportunities for talented technologists, you can decide where a career Prime Video Tech takes you! We are looking for a self-motivated, passionate and resourceful Applied Scientist to bring diverse perspectives, ideas, and skill-sets to make Prime Video even better for our customers. You will spend your time as a hands-on machine learning practitioner and a research leader. You will play a key role on the team, building and guiding machine learning models from the ground up. At the end of the day, you will have the reward of seeing your contributions benefit millions of Amazon.com customers worldwide. Key job responsibilities - Develop AI solutions for various Prime Video Search systems using Deep learning, GenAI, Reinforcement Learning, and optimization methods; - Work closely with engineers and product managers to design, implement and launch AI solutions end-to-end; - Design and conduct offline and online (A/B) experiments to evaluate proposed solutions based on in-depth data analyses; - Effectively communicate technical and non-technical ideas with teammates and stakeholders; - Stay up-to-date with advancements and the latest modeling techniques in the field; - Publish your research findings in top conferences and journals. About the team Prime Video Search Science team owns science solution to power search experience on various devices, from sourcing, relevance, ranking, to name a few. We work closely with the engineering teams to launch our solutions in production.
US, WA, Bellevue
Are you interested in a unique opportunity to advance the accuracy and efficiency of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) systems? If so, you're at the right place! As a Quantitative Researcher on our team, you will be working at the intersection of mathematics, computer science, and finance, you will collaborate with a diverse team of engineers in a fast-paced, intellectually challenging environment where innovative thinking is encouraged and rewarded. We operate at Amazon's large scale with the energy of a nimble start-up. If you have a learner's mindset, enjoy solving challenging problems, and value an inclusive team culture, you will thrive in this role, and we hope to hear from you. Key job responsibilities * Conduct statistical analyses on web-scale datasets to develop state-of-the-art multimodal large language models * Conceptualize and develop mathematical models, data sampling and preparation strategies to continuously improve existing algorithms * Identify and utilize data sources to drive innovation and improvements to our LLMs About the team We are passionate engineers and scientists dedicated to pushing the boundaries of innovation. We evaluate and represent the customer perspective through accurate benchmarking.
US, WA, Bellevue
The Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) team is looking for a passionate, talented, and inventive Applied Scientist with a strong deep learning background, to help build industry-leading technology with Large Language Models (LLMs) and multimodal systems. Key job responsibilities As an Applied Scientist with the AGI team, you will work with world-class scientists and engineers to develop novel data, modeling and engineering solutions to support the responsible AI initiatives at AGI. Your work will directly impact our customers in the form of products and services that make use of audio technology. About the team While the rapid advancements in Generative AI have captivated global attention, we see these as just the starting point. Our team is dedicated to pushing the boundaries of what’s possible, leveraging Amazon’s unparalleled ML infrastructure, computing resources, and commitment to responsible AI principles. And Amazon’s leadership principle of customer obsession guides our approach, prioritizing our customers’ needs and preferences each step of the way.
US, CA, Sunnyvale
The Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) team is looking for a highly skilled and experienced Senior Applied Scientist, to lead the development and implementation of algorithms and models for supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning through human feedback; with a focus across text, image, and video modalities. As a Senior Applied Scientist, you will play a critical role in driving the development of Generative AI (Gen AI) technologies that can handle Amazon-scale use cases and have a significant impact on our customers' experiences. Key job responsibilities - Collaborate with cross-functional teams of engineers, product managers, and scientists to identify and solve complex problems in GenAI - Design and execute experiments to evaluate the performance of different algorithms and models, and iterate quickly to improve results - Think big about the arc of development of GenAI over a multi-year horizon, and identify new opportunities to apply these technologies to solve real-world problems - Communicate results and insights to both technical and non-technical audiences, including through presentations and written reports - Mentor and guide junior scientists and engineers, and contribute to the overall growth and development of the team